'조쉬 몬드'에 해당되는 글 2건

  1. 2012.07.05 뉴욕 독립 영화의 새로운 바람15_뉴욕 영화인들의 인터뷰(4)

뉴욕 독립 영화의 새로운 바람15_뉴욕 영화인들의 인터뷰(4)

스콧 펀다스 Scott Foundas _비평가
데니스 임 Dennis Lim _프로그램 기획가

 스콧 펀다스와 데니스 임은 뉴욕에서 가장 두각을 드러내는 영화인이다. 스콧 펀다스는 L.A.Weekly 의 전 비평가로, 링컨 센터에서 프로그램 기획으로 부상하면서, 동시에 Film Comment 에 정기적으로 칼럼을 기고하고 있다 ; 그리고 데니스 임은 New York Times 의 기자이면서 NYU 에서 교수직을 맡고 있다. 우리가 만난 9월 30일 경에는 뉴욕 필름 페스티발New York Film Festival 의 선정을 모두 마친 상태였다.

스콧 펀다스 Scott Faundas : 우린 미국 독립영화의 르네상스를 지지합니다. 링컨 센터에 새로 상영관을 열때에, 제작자 테드 홉 Ted Hope 과 젊은 감독들을 패널로 모으기로 함께 의논했어요. 기본 골지는 그들의 영화에서 몇몇의 역활을 바꾸어가며 대중의 관심을 끌어보자는 거였죠. 감독, 제작자, 시나리오작가 등의 역을요. 보더라인 필름 Boderline FIlm의 안토니오 캠포스 Antonio Campos , 숀 더킨 Sean Dirkin , 조쉬 몬드 Josh Mond 그리고 조디 리 립스 Jody lee Lipes, 사프디 Safdie , 그리고 배우 엘레오너 핸드릭스 Elénore Hendricks , 로니 브론슈타인 Ronnie Bronstein 등 그 무리 같이 말이죠. 
데니스 임 Dennis Lim : 집단 개념은 2005-2006년 까지 거슬러올라가야 합니다. 사우스 바이 사우스웨스트 페스티발festival South by Southwest 에서, 멈블코어라는 이름으로 안드류 뷰잘스키Andrew Bujalski , 조 스완버그 Joe Swanberg , 아론 카츠 Aaron Katz들이 공동으로 작업을 하면서도, 각자의 영화를 만들었죠. 거기에서 카츠만이 뉴욕출신 이었어요. 서로 다른 도시 출신이라는 게 그 운동의 잇점으로 작용했죠. 

●프랑스에서는 생소한, 멈블코어라는 움직임을 어떻게 보시나요?
스콧 펀다스 Scott Faundas
: The Puffy Chair (2005) Baghead (2008) 를 만든 Duplass형제를 L.A.에서 주선한 지 몇년이 지났군요. 그때 일행에게 멈블 코어에 대해 들어본 적이 있는 지 물어봤죠. 5명이나 손을 들던데요!
데니스 임 Dennis Lim : 안드류 뷰잘스키Andrew Bujalski 의 영화에서 일했던 스탭들이 만든 단어예요. 그때는 농담같이 붙였지만, 블로거들이 인용하기 시작했죠. IFC가 뉴욕에서 《The New Talkies》라는 타이틀로 회고전을 할 때 가장 정점이었죠. 지금은 모두가 이 멈블코어 라는 말을 쓰지만요. 뷰잘스키의 영화는 우리 모두 좋아하고 지지하는 입장이예요. 지금 그는 킥스타터에 등록이 되있어요. 신작을 위한 소규모 예산을 모으고 있죠. 그렇게 해서 Putty Hill 의 감독인 매트 포터필드 Matt Porterfield 도 적지않게 자금을 모았죠.
스콧 펀다스 Scott Faundas: 멈블코어는 디지털로 누구라도 영화를 찍을 수 있는 기술력이 재탄생시킨 셈입니다. 지금은 영화인들이 멈블코어 는 더 멀리 가죠. 콜드 웨더 Cold Weather (2010) 에서, 아론 카츠는 보다 내러티브적이고 보다 야심찬 태도다. 뷰잘스키도 Beeswax (2009)에서 그랬죠.

멈블코어 이전에 뉴욕에서 무슨 일이 있었나요?
스콧 펀다스 Scott Faundas : 20세기 초에는 do-it-yourself 영화가 별로 없었어요. 대부분의 영화는 독립제작사에 의해 선댄스로 향하도록 되었어요. 테드 홉, 크리스틴 배콘[각주:1] 등...그들을 보면 마치 8-90년대 뉴욕으로, 스파이크 리, 자무시,수잔 세이들먼[각주:2] 때로 돌아간 것 같아요. 이런 영화감독들 중 몇몇은 저예산으로 찍었죠. 세이들먼의 신작과 낸시 사보카[각주:3]도 거의 날 것으로 찍었죠. 그들은 뉴욕에서, 그리고 L.A.에서 티비 방송을 만들며 힘겹게 일하다가 인디 스타일로 돌아섰어요. 스파이크 리도 브루클린에서 비밀 프로젝트를 촬영중이죠. 똑바로 살아라 Do The Righting Thing (1989)의 조역을 다시 맡을 계획인 것 같아요. 내가 바라는 건, 돈이 없어도 스튜디오 촬영을 할 수 있는 거죠.
데니스 임 Dennis Lim: 지난 세기 동안 거의 활동이 전무한건 90년대 선댄스-미라맥스의 여파때문이예요. 그리고 가격의 상승때문이죠. 지금 독립영화계엔 자금이 거의 바닥이예요.
스콧 펀다스 Scott Faundas : 이번 년도 선댄스에서의 판매수익을 말하긴 했지만, 저가로 팔린 영화들이 많다는 사실까지는 말하지 않았죠. 스튜디오는 점점 두려워해요. 그래서 IFC같은 회사나 Film District나 Magnolia 가 경쟁하고 있는 겁니다.

●미국 평단은 어떤 상황인가요?
스콧 펀다스 Scott Faundas
: do-it-yourself 영화가 늘어나면서 do-it-yourself 비평도 함께 성장했어요 : 바로 블로그죠. New York Times나 New Yorker 지에 풀린 카엘[각주:4] 만큼은 아니지만요.
데니스 임 Dennis Lim: 멈블코어는 블로거들이 없었다면 드러나지 못했을 거예요. 누군가는 문화적 담론을 이끄는 강한 어조의 권위적인 비평을 그리워하겠죠. 지금도 일반인이 따라가기 힘든 어려운 담론이 있어요. 하지만 보다 소박한 영화는 관심을 끌기가 쉽죠. New York Times나 New Yorker 지에 포착되는 건 수년간 이어져 온 일입니다. 그리고 어딘가에는 인터넷에 새로운 비평을 시도하는 이들도 있어요 : 비디오 비평이나 이미지를 이용한 글들이죠. 난 동영상 박물관 Museum of the Moving Image 의 웹사이트를 만든 적이 있어요. movingimagesource.us 이죠. 비디오 실험으로 대중의 관심을 받았죠. 

●유럽 영화를 위한 자리는 있나요?
데니스 임 Dennis Lim: 현재는 그런 영화에 관심있어 하는 배급사가 서넛 됩니다 : IFC, Sony Classics, Cinema Guild 가  그렇죠. 벨라 타[각주:5] 와 누리 빌제 세일란[각주:6]의 최신작을 개봉했어요. 시네마 길드는 난해한 영화를 감수할 준비가 되어있어요. 교육목적의 방대한 영화 카달로그 덕분이죠.
스콧 펀다스 Scott Faundas : 어떤 이는 독립 영화 배급망을 이용해요. 노스웨스트 필름 포럼Northwest film Forum 은 페드로 코스타 Pedro Costa 의 En avant jeunesse!(2006)를 맡았죠.
데니스 임 Dennis Lim: 지금 뉴욕 타임즈 지에 뉴욕의 마이크로 시네마에 관한 글을 쓰고있어요. 가장 잘 알려진 건 두말할 것 없이 에드 할터 Ed Halter와  토마스 비어드Thomas Beard 가 운영하는 라이트 인더스트리Light Industry 가 있죠. 또, 유니온 독 Union Dock 은 다큐멘터리에 전념하고 있죠. 브루클린에는 어퍼웨스트사이드나 교외에 비해서 씨네필을 위한 공간이 부족해요. 좋은 영화가 개봉하면 거의 상영관이 미어터지곤 했어요. 마이크로-시네마는 민주적 변화를 말합니다. 링컨 센터나 MoMA의 관객들의 수는 많지만, 대부분 연령대가 있죠. 젊은 세대는 영화를 보기 위해 브루클린으로 갑니다.  

●마이크로-시네마는 다른 뉴욕의 예술계와 어떤 관계가 있나요?
데니스 임 Dennis Lim
: 조금은요, 라이트 인더스트리는 예술계와 밀접하게 닿아있죠. 에드와 토마스는 다음 위트니 비엔날레에 출품할 비디오-영화 부분에 전념하고 있구요. 어떤 작품은 아주 정치적이면서 집단을 움직이는 힘이 있죠. 1시간30분 동안의 논쟁을 불러일으키는 1시간 30분의 영화를 심심치않게 봅니다. 이런 마이크로 시네마는 보다 참여적인 관객을 창출해요. 어떤이는 카페-레스토랑에서, 어떤이는 라이브 퍼포먼스로요. 그들은 돈은 별로 없지만, 행동하는 이들입니다. ■

2011.08.20, 뉴욕에서
스테판 들롬 & 니콜라 엘리오



출처 : 92- 93쪽, cahiers du cinéma Nº 2011.9
기사 : Stéphane Delorme & Nicholas Elliott
불한번역 : Plongeur ( zamsoobu )


  1. Christine Vachon (born 1962 in Manhattan, New York City) is an American film producer active in the American independent film sector and daughter of noted photographer John Vachon. Christine Vachon produced Todd Haynes' controversial first feature, Poison, which was awarded the Grand Jury Prize at the 1991 Sundance Film Festival. Since then, she has gone on to produce many acclaimed American independent films including Far From Heaven (nominated for four Academy Awards), Boys Don't Cry (Academy Award winner), One Hour Photo, Hedwig and the Angry Inch, Happiness, Velvet Goldmine, SAFE, I Shot Andy Warhol, Go Fish, Swoon, I'm Not There, Gigantic, Cracks. and Cairo Time. Her latest and upcoming projects include a short film collaboration with ACE Hotel and online film content producers Massify entitled "Lulu at the Ace Hotel" as well as a five-part HBO mini-series adaptation of James M. Cain's 1941 novel, Mildred Pierce. Vachon also participates as a member of the Jury for the NYICFF, a paramount New York City Film Festival dedicated to screening films for children between the ages of 3 and 18.[1 [본문으로]
  2. Susan Seidelman(born December 11, 1952, Philadelphia) belongs to the first wave of female independent film makers in the American cinema of the 1980s. She graduated Abington Senior High School in 1969 , and went on to study fashion and arts at Drexel University in Philadelphia. Her first forays into movie-making at New York University resulted in a slew of awards. In 1982, she made her feature film debut with Smithereens, which was the first American independent film to be selected for competition at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. The film was written by Ron Nyswaner, who would lated receive an Academy Award nomination for Philadelphia in 1994. In the same year she was a member of the jury at the 44th Berlin International Film Festival.[1] Her second film Desperately Seeking Susan, featuring then-rising star Madonna, was a major box-office success for Seidelman, and launched the film careers of co-stars Rosanna Arquette and Aidan Quinn. Seidelman's subsequent movies, however--Making Mr. Right starring John Malkovich; Cookie with Peter Falk; and She-Devil, the film version of Fay Weldon's bestselling novel with Roseanne Barr and Meryl Streep, failed to gain any traction at the box-office or garner significant critical acclaim. Seidelman found greater success as a director of episodic television, helming the pilot of Sex and the City as well as various episodes of the first season. In 2002, Seidelman returned to film with Gaudi Afternoon, a gender-bending detective story set in Barcelona, starring Judy Davis, Marcia Gay Harden, Juliette Lewis and Lili Taylor. Despite the formidable cast, it was relegated to straight-to-video status. However, her 2006 follow-up Boynton Beach Club (one of the first movies to deal with sexuality and the aging "Baby Boomer" generation), did enjoy a brief theatrical run. [본문으로]
  3. Nancy Savoca (born July 23, 1959) is an American film screenwriter, director, and producer. Born and raised in the Bronx, New York, she is the daughter of Sicilian and Argentine immigrants Calogero Savoca and Maria Elvira Savoca. Married to Richard Guay (pronounced as "gay"), also a writer and producer, they have three children: two sons and a daughter.After completing her courses at Queens College, Flushing, New York, Savoca went on to graduate in 1982 from New York University’s film school, the Tisch School of the Arts. While there she received the Haig P. Manoogian Award for overall excellence for her short films Renata and Bad Timing. Around this time she met Rich Guay, then an accounting student working at an Italian deli near her home. They were married in 1980. Once out of film school she worked as a storyboard artist and assistant editor on an independent film. But her first real hands-on professional experience was as a production assistant to John Sayles on his film: The Brother From Another Planet and as an assistant auditor for Jonathan Demme on two of his films: Something Wild (1986), and Married to the Mob (1988). In 1989, her very first full length movie, the privately funded True Love about Italian-American marriage rituals in the Bronx won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. The movie, starring Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard, both making their film debuts (and co-starring a number of familiar faces from The Sopranos including Aida Turturro and Vincent Pastore), was hailed as one of the best films of the year by both Janet Maslin and Vincent Canby of the New York Times. Savoca was nominated for a Spirit Award as Best Director. MGM/UA snapped up the distribution rights and RCA released the soundtrack, seeing two of the songs reach the Top 40 hits on the Billboard charts. Since then she has written, directed and produced movies for the big screen, for television, has written or polished scripts for other directors, and has directed a number of episodes in ongoing television series. Her most famous work for television was co-writing all three segments of the Demi Moore produced If These Walls Could Talk, a mini-series about abortion rights, and directing the first two segments. The second segment starred Sissy Spacek trying to decide in the mid-70’s whether her marriage could stand the strain of another child. Cher starred in and directed the third segment. In it she played a modern Planned Parenthood doctor, the victim of a pro-life fanatic. In 1998, Savoca was feted as a "New York trailblazer" at the New York Women's Film Festival. Savoca was also honored by the Los Angeles chapter of the advocacy organization, Woman in Film and Television (WIFT). Her film, True Love was called one of the "50 Greatest Independent Films of All-Time" by Entertainment Weekly. Two of Savoca's films, Household Saints and True Love, are listed in The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made St. Martin's Griffin.[1] Nancy Savoca’s work has also been the subject of a retrospective by The American Museum of the Moving Image. [본문으로]
  4. (June 19, 1919 – September 3, 2001) was an American film critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991. Earlier in her career, her work appeared in City Lights, McCall's and The New Republic. Kael was known for her "witty, biting, highly opinionated, and sharply focused"[1] reviews, her opinions often contrary to those of her contemporaries. She is often regarded as the most influential American film critic of her day.[2][3] She left a lasting impression on many major critics, including Armond White, whose reviews are similarly non-conformist,[4] and Roger Ebert, who has said that Kael "had a more positive influence on the climate for film in America than any other single person over the last three decades."[5] Owen Gleiberman said she "was more than a great critic. She re-invented the form, and pioneered an entire aesthetic of writing. She was like the Elvis or the Beatles of film criticism."[6] [본문으로]
  5. Béla Tarr (born July 21, 1955) is a Hungarian film director.Early work Tarr began to realize his interests with film-making at the age of 16 by making amateur films and later working as a caretaker at a national House for Culture and Recreation.[1] Most of his amateur works were documentaries, mostly about the life of workers or poor people in urban Hungary. His amateur work brought him to the attention of the Béla Balázs Studios (named in honor of the Hungarian cinema theorist, Béla Balázs), which helped fund Tarr's 1977 feature debut Családi tűzfészek (Family Nest) at the age of 22.[1] Tarr shot the film without any budget with non-professional actors (participating in the film only by "friendship" and without any salary) and on original locations in six days. The film was faithful to the "Budapest School" or "documentarist" style popular at the time within Béla Balázs Studios, maintaining absolute social realism on screen. Critics found the film to be suggestive of an influence from the directorial work of John Cassavetes,[1][2] though Tarr denied having seen any of Cassavetes's films prior to shooting Családi tűzfészek. The film was eventually released in 1979. After completing "Családi tűzfészek" Tarr began his studies in the Hungarian School of Theatrical and Cinematic Arts. The 1980 piece Szabadgyalog (The Outsider) and the following year's Panelkapcsolat (The Prefab People) continued in much the same vein with smaller changes in style. The latter was the first film by Tarr to feature professional actors in the leading roles. With a 1982 television adaptation of Macbeth, his work began to change dramatically; the film is composed of only two shots, the first shot (before the main title) five minutes long, the second 67 minutes.[1] Not only did Tarr's visual sensibility move from raw close-ups to more abstract mediums and long shots, but also his philosophical sensibility shifted from grim realism to a more metaphysical outlook similar to that of Andrei Tarkovsky. Tarr himself considers Rainer Werner Fassbinder as his main influence and idol. [본문으로]
  6. Nuri Bilge Ceylan (Turkish pronunciation: [nuːˈri bilˈge dʒejˈlaːn]; born 26 January 1959 in Istanbul[1]) is a Turkish photographer and film director. He is married to the filmmaker, photographer, and actress Ebru Ceylan, his co-star in İklimler (Climates). [본문으로]